Abstract: The social adaptability originated from "survival of the fittest" of Charles Robert Darwin's Theory of Evolution, which includes the communication between people and the adaptation between people and the environment. Taking the children of the children's welfare institute as the object, this study selected 5 elders from orphans and disabled children to carry out 8 sub-groups activities using the demand and re-socialization theory. Through the pre-test and post-test data analysis, this study explored the role and effectiveness of the group work on the social adaptation of the disabled children. The results show that the group work has a positive effect on the social adaptability of orphans and disabled children to enhance themselves, enhance social and living ability, explore their own advantages, deepen the understanding of social environment and self-protection.

Key words: elder orphans and disabled children, social adaptability, group work, welfare institution