自我决定理论视角下职业女性生育动机与生育意愿研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文章基于自我决定理论，以1 744名20岁至49岁职业女性为样本，采用结构方程模型结合Bootstrap置信区间检验法，在分析自主感、胜任感、关系感三大基本心理需要的基础上，探究了内部生育动机与外部生育期望对职业女性生育意愿的作用路径。实证结果表明，基本心理需要会直接影响职业女性的生育意愿，即自主感、胜任感和关系感对职业女性的生育意愿均具有显著正向作用；内部生育动机在职业女性基本心理需要和生育意愿之间的中介作用显著；在自主感对职业女性生育意愿的直接效应中，内部生育动机的中介作用受到外部生育动机的调节。研究还发现，“70后”“80后”“90后”职业女性的生育动机与意愿呈逐代递减趋势，而农村成长背景和较低教育水平则与更高的生育意愿相关。

关键词: 基本心理需要, 职业女性, 生育意愿, 生育动机

Abstract: Studying the mechanisms influencing career women’s fertility intentions provides critical insight into the underlying factors contributing to China’s declining fertility rate. Based on self-determination theory, this study used a sample of 1,744 women aged 20 to 49 years and employed structural equation modeling combined with Bootstrap confidence interval testing to delineate the pathways through which the three basic psychological needs--autonomy, competence, and relatedness—along with internal fertility motivation, and external fertility expectations affect career women’s fertility intentions. The empirical results show that basic psychological needs directly influence career women’s fertility intentions, with autonomy, competence, and relatedness all having a significant positive effect. Internal fertility motivation significantly mediates the relationship between career women’s basic psychological needs and fertility intentions. Additionally, the mediation effect of internal fertility motivation on the direct association between autonomy and fertility intention is moderated by external fertility motivation. The study also reveals that fertility motivation and intentions decrease across generations for women born in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s, while rural upbringing and lower educational levels are associated with higher fertility intentions.

Key words: basic psychological needs, career women, fertility intention, fertility motivation

中图分类号:

C916

王雨菲, 孙奎立. 自我决定理论视角下职业女性生育动机与生育意愿研究[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2026, 26(2): 52-62.

WANG Yufei, SUN Kuili. Fertility Motivation and Fertility Intention of Career Women: A Study from the Perspective of Self-Determination Theory[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2026, 26(2): 52-62.

参考文献

[1] 陆杰华, 孙杨. 少子化老龄化人口新常态对城乡融合发展的影响及其战略应对[J]. 西北人口, 2025(3): 1-12.
[2] 国家统计局.2019年《中国妇女发展纲要(2011—2020年)》统计监测报告［EB/OL］.(2020-12-18). http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/zxfb/202012/t20201218_1810126.html.
[3] 谭灵芝, 韦文琴. 家庭友好政策能提升青年职业女性的生育意愿吗?[J]. 当代青年研究, 2024(6): 79-91.
[4] 唐娅辉. 职业女性的角色冲突及平衡策略——基于工作—家庭冲突理论模型的分析[J]. 湖湘论坛, 2014(6): 123-128.
[5] HAKIM C. A new approach to explaining fertility patterns: preference theory[J]. Population and development review, 2003, 29(3): 349-374.
[6] LESTHAEGHE R. The second demographic transition: a concise overview of its development[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2014(51): 18112-18115.
[7] LESTHAEGHE R. A Boolean framework for comparative analysis: a review essay[J]. Historical methods a journal of quantitative and interdisciplinary history, 2010, 22(1): 37-38.
[8] 石人炳, 王昕迪. 第二次人口转变下中国婚育观念的变迁与新型婚育文化建设[J]. 青年探索, 2025(2): 33-42.
[9] 於嘉. 何以为家: 第二次人口转变下中国人的婚姻与生育[J]. 妇女研究论丛, 2022(5): 47-69.
[10] 石智雷. 计划生育政策对家庭发展能力的影响及其政策含义[J]. 公共管理学报, 2014(4): 83-94,115,142-143.
[11] 石智雷, 滕聪波. 三孩政策下托育服务可及性与生育释放效应[J]. 人口学刊, 2023(2): 28-43.
[12] 李建民. 中国的生育革命[J]. 人口研究, 2009(1): 1-9.
[13] 柳如眉, 柳清瑞. 城乡收入增长、养老金与生育水平——基于扩展OLG模型的实证检验[J]. 人口与发展, 2020(3): 27-37.
[14] 史爱军, 张翠玲, 史卓. 子女教育成本对我国生育意愿的制约与优化建议[J]. 人口与健康, 2021(7): 46-48.
[15] 王学义, 王春蕊. 禀赋、场域与中国妇女生育意愿研究[J]. 人口学刊, 2011(1): 3-9.
[16] 李静雅. 已育一孩职业女性的二孩生育意愿研究——基于生育效用感和再生育成本的实证分析[J]. 妇女研究论丛, 2017(3): 27-39.
[17] RYAN R M , DECI E L. Self-determination theory[J]. International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences, 2014, 91(2): 486-491.
[18] DECI E L , RYAN R M . The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior[J]. Psychological inquiry, 2000, 11(4): 227-268.
[19] NG J Y Y , NTOUMANIS N , THOGERSEN-NTOUMANI C , et al. Self-determination theory applied to health contexts: a meta-analysis[J]. Perspecta psychol, 2012, 7(4): 325-340.
[20] TEIXEIRA P, CARRAÇA E, MARKLAND D, et al. Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: a systematic review[J]. International journal of behavioral nutrition & physical activity, 2012, 9(1): 78-78.
[21] GUAY F. Applying Self-determination theory to education: regulations types, psychological needs, and autonomy supporting behaviors[J]. Canadian journal of school psychology, 2021, 37(1): 75-92.
[22] OLAFSEN A H , DECI E L , HALVARI H . Basic psychological needs and work motivation: a longitudinal test of directionality[J]. Motivation & emotion, 2017(2): 1-12.
[23] DECI E L , RYAN R M . Self-determination theory: a macrotheory of human motivation, development, and health[J]. Canadian psychology, 2008, 49(3): 182-185.
[24] GAGNÉ M, DECI E. Self-determination theory and work motivation[J]. Journal of organizational behavior, 2005, 26(4): 331-362.
[25] SANSONE C, TANG Y. Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and self-determination theory[J]. Motivation science, 2021, 7(2): 113-114.
[26] VANSTEENKISTE M , RYAN M R , SOENENS B. Basic psychological need theory: advancements, critical themes, and future directions[J]. Motivation and emotion, 2020, 44(6): 1-31.
[27] MYNARD J , SHELTON-STRONG S J . Investigating the autonomy-supportive nature of a self-access environment: a self-determination theory approach[C]//MYNARD J, WARD PEETERS W, TAMALA M. Supporting learners and educators in developing language learner autonomy. Hong Kong: Candlin & Mynard, 2020: 77-117.
[28] DUDA J L, WILLIAMS G C, NIKOS N, et al. Effects of a standard provision versus an autonomy supportive exercise referral programme on physical activity, quality of life and well-being indicators: a cluster randomized controlled trial[J]. The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity, 2014, 11(1): 10.
[29] MANGANELLI L, THIBAULT-LANDRY A, FOREST J, et al. Self-determination theory can help you generate performance and well-being in the workplace: a review of the literature[J]. Advances in developing human resources, 2018, 20(2): 227-240.
[30] GOOD V , HUGHES D E , KIRCA A H , et al. A self-determination theory-based meta-analysis on the differential effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on salesperson performance[J]. Academy of marketing science journal, 2022, 50(3): 586-614.
[31] AKRAM H , LI S . Understanding the role of teacher-student relationships in students’ online learning engagement: mediating role of academic motivation[J]. Perceptual & motor skills, 2024, 131(4): 1415-1438.
[32] ŠAKAN D, ŽULJEVIĆ D, ROKVIĆ N. The role of basic psychological needs in well-being during the covid-19 outbreak: a self-determination theory perspective[J]. Frontiers in public health, 2020, DOI:0.3389/fpubh.2020.583181.
[33] ALAM A M, CHAMROONSAWASDI K, CHANSATITPORN N, et al. regional variations of fertility control behavior among rural reproductive women in Bangladesh: a hierarchical analysis[J]. Behavioral sciences, 2018, 8(8): 68.
[34] RUI S. Factors that influence fertility intentions of Chinese youth: a discussion of issues raised by Volsche and Jankowiak’s “Chinese women’s autonomy: parenthood as a choice”[J]. Psychoanalysis and psychotherapy in China, 2020, 3(2): 267-277.
[35] HESS C R, TETI D M , HUSSEY-GARDNER B . Self-efficacy and parenting of high-risk infants: the moderating role of parent knowledge of infant development[J]. Journal of applied developmental psychology, 2004, 25(4): 423-437.
[36] SEAY K D, IACHINI A L, DEHART D D, et al. Substance abuse treatment engagement among mothers: perceptions of the parenting role and agency-related motivators and inhibitors[J]. Journal of family social work, 2017, 20(3): 196-212.
[37] MUKBA G. An investigation of basic psychological needs satisfaction and its basic components: a literature review[J]. Humanistic perspective, 2023, 5(3): 1189-1218.
[38] HIRVIKALLIO J, HAARANEN A, HULT M. Psychological safety, social support, and commitment among nurse managers: a cross-sectional study[J]. Nordic journal of nursing research, 2024, 44: 1-7.
[39] SOUTHWICK S M , SIPPEL L , KRYSTAL J , et al. Why are some individuals more resilient than others: the role of social support[J]. World psychiatry, 2016, 15(1): 77-79.
[40] ANTONIADOU M, CHRYSOCHOOU G, TZANETOPOULOS R, et al. Green dental environmentalism among students and dentists in Greece[J]. Sustainability, 2023, 15(12): 9508-9508.
[41] MARDER F, MASSON T, SAGEBIEL J, et al. Discounting the future: the effect of collective motivation on investment decisions and acceptance of policies for renewable energy[J]. PLOS climate, 2023, 2(6): e0000173.
[42] CHEN X, WU M, DONG G, et al. Social support and academic procrastination in health professions students: the serial mediating effect of intrinsic learning motivation and academic self-efficacy[J]. Advances in health sciences education, 2024, 18(11): 1-18.
[43] MEHRAN A, NASIM B, ELAHE J, et al. Iranian women’s attitude toward childbearing and its’ association with generalized trust, social support, marital satisfaction and governmental childbearing incentives[J]. Heliyon, 2023, 9(5): e16162.
[44] GERT S, LARS T, XIAO X, et al. A data-driven approach shows that individuals’ characteristics are more important than their networks in predicting fertility preferences.[J]. Royal society open science, 2023, 10(12): 230988.
[45] GILAL G F, CHANDANI K, GILAL G R, et al. Towards a new model for green consumer behavior: a self-determination theory perspective[J]. Sustainable development, 2020, 28(4): 711-722.
[46] SCHWARZ B, TROMMSDORFF G, ZHENG G, et al. Reciprocity in intergenerational support: a comparison of Chinese and German adult daughters[J]. Journal of family issues, 2010, 31(2): 234-256.
[47] RYAN R M. A question of continuity: a self-determination theory perspective on “third-wave” behavioral theories and practices[J]. World psychiatry, 2021, 20(3): 376-377.
[48] FLEMING P, MCGILLOWAY S, HERNON M, et al. Individualized funding interventions to improve health and social care outcomes for people with a disability: a mixed-methods systematic review[J]. Campbell systematic reviews, 2019, 15(1-2): e1008.
[49] NAUCK B , KLAUS D . The varying value of children: empirical results from eleven societies in Asia, Africa and Europe[J]. Current sociology, 2007, 55(4): 487-503.
[50] RAYMO J M, PARK H, XIE Y, et al. Marriage and family in East Asia: continuity and change[J]. Annual review of sociology, 2015, 41(1): 471-492.
[51] YAO Y, YUAN Y, XIA R. et al. “Hit a bottleneck”: a convergent mixed-methods approach to the Influencing factors and experience of fertility intention among mothers of childbearing age with two children in mainland China[J]. Reproductive health, 2024, 21(1): 159.
[52] HAN Z. “Fertility fear” on Chinese social media: the disciplined female reproductive bodies and resistance towards motherhood[J]. Continuum, 2025, 39(2): 305-326.
[53] ZHANG Y. “Modest proposals”: ironic discursive acts against China’s three-child policy from Weibo users[J]. Theory and practice in language studies, 2025, 15(2): 635-646.
[54] DAVID R, MIGUELI R. Living alone in later life: a global perspective[J]. Population and development review, 2018(44): 427-454.
[55] CHEN Q, WANG A, SONG X, et al. Fertility intentions to have a second or third child among the childbearing-age population in central China under China’s three-child policy: a cross-sectional study[J]. Journal of global health, 2023, 13: 04072.
[56] ISIUGO-ABANIHE U. Reproductive motivation and family-size preferences among Nigerian men[J]. Studies in family planning, 1994, 25(3): 149-161.
[57] SUN Y, NI L, ZHAO Y, et al. Understanding students’ engagement in MOOCs: an integration of self-determination theory and theory of relationship quality[J]. British journal of educational technology, 2019, 50(6): 3156-3174.
[58] TRANNQUILLO J, STECKER M. Using intrinsic and extrinsic motivation in continuing professional education[J]. Surgical neurology international, 2016, 7(8): 197-199.
[59] FRANCES S , KATE S , MELISSA B , et al. Use of photovoice to explore pediatric patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and their parents’ perceptions of a heart-healthy lifestyle[J]. Journal of the American Heart Association, 2022, 11(7): e023572.
[60] AMIN A, ELIASA E. Parenting skills as the closest teacher to early childhood at home[J]. Journal Pendidikan Usina Dini, 2023, 17(2): 312-330.
[61] RYAN R M , DECI E L . Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. [J]. Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 2000, 55(1): 68-78.
[62] 宋健, 胡波. 中国育龄人群的生育动机与生育意愿[J]. 人口与经济, 2022(6): 1-16.
[63] BROECK A V D, FERRIS D L, CHANG C H, et al. A review of self-determination theory’s basic psychological needs at work[J]. Journal of management, 2016, 42(5): 1195-1229.
[64] 郑真真. 生育意愿研究及其现实意义——兼以江苏调查为例[J]. 学海, 2011(2): 10-18.
[65] MILLER W B. Differences between fertility desires and intentions: implications for theory, research and policy[J]. Vienna yearbook of population research, 2011(1): 75-98.
[66] HAYES A. Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis[J]. Journal of educational measurement, 2013, 51(3): 335-337.
[67] 盛禾, 李建新. 生育动机的世代与性别差异分析——基于CFPS2020数据[J]. 社会, 2023(3): 187-212.

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed