社会工作与管理 ›› 2026, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (1): 21-31.

• 社会工作 • 上一篇    

社会支持的二元优势框架：个人特质与关系网络的互动效应

郭文丽1, 吕涛2   

  1. 1. 南开大学社会学院，天津，300350;
    2. 沈阳师范大学社会与历史学院，辽宁 沈阳，110034
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-24 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 通讯作者: 吕涛(1973—　)，男，汉族，教授，博士；主要研究方向：社会资本与社会流动，社会支持与心理健康；Email：Ulvtao@126.com。
  • 作者简介:郭文丽(1999—　)，女，汉族，博士研究生；主要研究方向：社会支持与心理健康，社会干预。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目“社会资本理论的本土化建构研究”(19BSH010)。

The Dual Strengths Framework of Social Support: The Interaction Effect of Personal Traits and Tie Networks

GUO Wenli1, LV Tao2   

  1. 1. School of Sociology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China;
    2. School of Sociology and History, Shenyang Normal University，Shenyang, Liaoning, 110034, China
  • Received:2025-03-24 Published:2026-01-15

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摘要： 优势视角和社会支持是指导社会工作实践的两种基础理论，然而在实际应用中，二者往往仅被并行使用或简单拼接，未能实现有机整合。已有关于负面关系的研究表明，社会支持对个人心理健康的缓冲效应是有条件的，其效果取决于社会支持的来源(由谁提供)、获得的支持内容(提供什么内容)以及案主如何利用支持内容改善个人心理健康。这个过程既受关系约束，也受关系人特质和案主特质的影响，而不是只要有人帮忙，就一定能带来好的健康结果。具体效果的好坏，要看帮助是由谁给、给了什么，以及双方的关系、案主的个人特质等特点。优势视角强调的案主优势及社会工作者与案主之间的信任关系，同样依赖个人特质和结构属性。基于对社会支持“条件性”的理解，以及其与优势视角在理论前提上的内在一致性，将社会支持的条件性理论与优势视角进行整合，构建出一种新的指导社会工作实务的“二元优势”框架。在这一框架下，社会工作的实务焦点同时锁定案主/关系人（个人）与关系（结构）两个层面，通过运用优势视角修补个人或关系特质的不足，从而引导社会支持在结构层面向优势转化。这一理论构想尚待实践进一步检验。

关键词: 社会支持, 负面关系, 压力过程模型, 社会支持的条件性来源与效应, 二元优势

Abstract: The strengths perspective and social support are two fundamental theories in social work practice, yet they are often applied in parallel or superficially combined rather than being organically integrated. Recent studies on negative ties have indicated that the buffering effect of social support on psychological health is conditional, depending on the source of support (who provided it), the content of support (what is provided), and how the ego utilizes this support to improve psychological health. This process is influenced by tie constraints, the characteristics of the support provider (alter), and the attributes of the client (ego)—meaning that not all social support necessarily leads to positive psychological health outcomes; rather, the effectiveness hinges on who provides the help, what kind of help is offered, the relationship between client and alter, and the personal characteristics of the ego. Similarly, the strengths perspective emphasizes ego strengths and the trust-based relationship between the social worker and the client (ego), which also relies on individual and structural attributes. Based on an understanding of the conditional nature of social support and its inherent consistency with the theoretical premises of the strengths perspective, this study integrates the theory of conditional social support with the strengths perspective to construct a new “Dual Strengths” approach for social work practice. This approach simultaneously focuses social work practice on both the individual (client/alter) and structural (tie) levels, utilizing the strengths perspective to address shortcomings in personal or tie attributes, thereby facilitating the transformation of social support into structural strengths. This theoretical proposition awaits further practical validation.

Key words: social support, negative ties, the stress process model, the conditional resources and effects of social support, dual strengths

中图分类号: 

  • C916
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