行动者网络理论视角下学校社会工作服务体系运行的理论逻辑、现实困境与实践进路

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 学校社会工作服务体系的有效运行是落实未成年人全覆盖保护、提升校园育人质量的重要基础。基于行动者网络理论，文章将服务体系运行理解为由“学校管理层—驻校社会工作者”联合体发起、经由“问题呈现、利益相关化、征召、动员”四个环节的转译实践走向分层分类三级服务体系的动态过程，并以“制度—主体—网络”为分析框架识别其现实困境。联合体的转译位置受项目化用工与应试导向的制度压制，多元行动者因逻辑错位与外围主体动力不足而出现合力分化，网络效能因资源缺口、激励缺位与学段断裂而持续弱化。研究进而提出夯实制度、激活主体、畅通网络的实践进路，为推动学校社会工作服务体系规范化、体系化、可持续发展提供学理参照与实践指引。

关键词: 学校社会工作, 行动者网络理论, 服务体系, 转译

Abstract: The effective functioning of the school social work service system is essential to achieving comprehensive protection for all minors and improving the quality of education in schools. Based on the Actor-Network Theory, this study understands the operation of the service system as a dynamic process initiated by the partnership between school management and residential social workers. The process unfolds through the four stages of “problematization-intersegment-enrolment- mobilization” for translation practice and moving towards a hierarchical, three-tiered, and classified service structure. Employing the analytical framework of “institution - subject - network”, the study identifies current challenges. The translation role of the consortium is constrained by project-based employment arrangements and exam-oriented educational systems. The logical misalignments and insufficient motivation among peripheral actors have led to fragmented multi-actor collaboration. The network efficacy has been undermined by limited resources, lack of incentives, and discontinuities across educational stages. In response, the study proposes practical approaches to consolidate system foundations, activate key stakeholders, and strengthen network functioning, thereby offering theoretical insights and practical guidance to promote the standardization, systematization, and sustainable development of the school social work service system.

Key words: school social work, actor network theory, service system, translation

中图分类号:

C916

王子川, 曹国慧, 孙希希. 行动者网络理论视角下学校社会工作服务体系运行的理论逻辑、现实困境与实践进路[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2026, 26(6): 43-53.

WANG Zichuan, CAO Guohui, SUN Xixi. An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of the Operation Mechanism, Challenges and Practical Strategies for School Social Work Service System[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2026, 26(6): 43-53.

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