Abstract: It has become the main way for professional social work to be embedded in urban and rural communities by entrusting non-governmental social work service organizations to carry out services through government purchase. However, it is worth noting that even the well-designed social policies may present a complex multidimensional picture due to the diversity of related subjects’ respective capabilities and relationships in the implementation process in the real field, which ultimately leads to the failure to achieve the ideal results, or fail to achieve the ideal results in a short period of time. Taking the concrete practice of community service socialization project in S City, J Province as an example for empirical analysis, this paper expounds the possible different action results of different “relations” and “capabilities” between village or neighborhood committees and social work service organizations in reality, and reveals that the “relations” and “capabilities” between village or neighborhood committees and social work service organizations are important factors affecting the effect of government purchasing social work services. It is pointed out that the modernization of urban and rural community governance should be further promoted by reconstructing the position of village or neighborhood committees and empowering them, and by empowering social work service organizations and promoting their healthy development.

Key words: non-governmental social work service organizations, urban and rural community, village or neighborhood committee, relationships, capabilities