The Ministry of Civil Affairs proposed that “through the establishment of township (street) social work stations, enhance the ability of grass-roots civil affairs services, open up the last meter of service for the people, and explore feasible paths to solve the shortage of grass-roots civil affairs service capabilities”, which is an important measure to promote the innovation of grass-roots governance in China. All provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government actively respond to the call of the Ministry of Civil Affairs and formulate standards for the construction of social work stations according to the actual situation in various places. This paper is encoded according to the text content of the “Notice of the General Office of the Ministry of Civil Affairs on Accelerating the Construction of Township (Street) Social Work Stations”, and with the help of the grass-roots social governance innovation perspective and the policy innovation-diffusion analysis framework, the ATLAS.ti 9 software is used to analyze the latest social work station policy innovation and diffusion mechanism that has been officially introduced in various provinces and municipalities directly under the Central Government. The study found that the internal driving force of the construction of social work stations is the internal driving force of grass-roots social governance innovation, which is reflected in the reversed transmission mechanism under the improvement of grass-roots social governance capabilities, the guidance mechanism for the upgrading of people’s needs under the change of the main contradictions in society, and the driving mechanism of “pairing competition” under the block government; At the same time, the policy of social work stations has continuously adapted and adjusted itself in the process of diffusion, and local governments have diffused through compulsory mechanisms, learning mechanisms, competition mechanisms, socialization mechanisms and support mechanisms. In the context of grassroots social governance innovation, township (street) social work stations are not only the result of the change of the national compulsory system, but also an important innovation mechanism for local governments to deal with grassroots social governance issues.

The construction of township social work stations is an important platform and opportunity for advancing the development of social work in China in the new era. Ensuring the high quality and professional development of the social work stations is a central topic in its construction. Therefore, establishing a benign supervision mechanism for the social work station is of significant practical importance. Based on the current condition, the research aims to explore the supervision framework that focuses on service and governance, to build a supervisory mechanism that conforms to the current development status of the social work station based on the logic and procedure of the supervision. Such supervision logic and framework design pay close attention to the people in the service scenario, lead the development of social workers and improve the efficiency of supervision in township social work stations by focusing on basic knowledge, service relationship, needs assessment, professional support, governance mechanism, etc.

To review the construction of social work station from the perspective of the grassroots governance specialization, social work station is not an isolated policy setting. It is an inevitable requirement for the specialization of grassroots social services and grassroots governance, since the unit system was introduced into the community system, but this process has been interrupted many times. In order to ensure the steady promotion of the construction of social work station in the professional process of grassroots governance. It is necessary to clarify the positioning and existing mode of the social work station construction and face the multiple realistic predicament at present. Social work professionals need to persevere the necessary professional adherence, in order to promote and stabilize the process of grassroots governance specialization in the reality game, and ensure the construction of social work station developing in a right direction.

It has become the main way for professional social work to be embedded in urban and rural communities by entrusting non-governmental social work service organizations to carry out services through government purchase. However, it is worth noting that even the well-designed social policies may present a complex multidimensional picture due to the diversity of related subjects’ respective capabilities and relationships in the implementation process in the real field, which ultimately leads to the failure to achieve the ideal results, or fail to achieve the ideal results in a short period of time. Taking the concrete practice of community service socialization project in S City, J Province as an example for empirical analysis, this paper expounds the possible different action results of different “relations” and “capabilities” between village or neighborhood committees and social work service organizations in reality, and reveals that the “relations” and “capabilities” between village or neighborhood committees and social work service organizations are important factors affecting the effect of government purchasing social work services. It is pointed out that the modernization of urban and rural community governance should be further promoted by reconstructing the position of village or neighborhood committees and empowering them, and by empowering social work service organizations and promoting their healthy development.

There are many adults with mental disorders in China, and problems such as the stress faced by their primary caregivers and their needs are becoming increasingly prominent. This qualitative study conducted semi-structured interviews to understand the care experiences of primary caregivers of adults with mental disorders. The study found that the primary caregivers experienced physical, emotional, social burden, and burden of time dependence and limited opportunity for self-growth. The cause of burden was mainly due to the gap between the caregivers’ anticipation and psychological adjustment, low level of early rehabilitation among the cared, poor family economic level and low service accessibility. This study also found that primary caregivers of adults with mental disabilities can also experience three positive experiences in the process of caring: sense of caring achievement, strengthening connections, and the enlightenment of life meaning. These positive experiences in interacting with their cared ones played a positive role in alleviating their care burden. The interlacing and co-action of burden and positive experience constitute the caring experience of caregivers in interaction with those with mental disorders, which presents the characteristics of dynamic change in different stages of life course. In the future a social support system with the government, market and society as the main body should be built, so as to enhance the positive experience of caregivers and improve policies and service for people with mental disabilities and their caregivers.

The participation of social work in community governance involves serving the disadvantaged groups and promoting community development, but there are always conflict and tension between the two aspects in practice. Taking the six-year service experience of B Street Social Work Station in Guangzhou City as an example, this study takes action research to show how professional social service can play an active role in community service. It also takes capacity building theory to guide professional practice, so as to achieve the integration of service groups and community development. In the end, this paper summarizes the stages of community capacity building, and the issues of service governance, capacity building dimensions and the social work action strategies corresponding to different stages. This paper illustrates the integration advantages of choosing community capacity building theory as a framework, which helps to dissolve the tensions between integration goals, between fields, between theory and practice, between subjects, and between actions and structures. Community practice of social work has the dual characteristics of group service and community development. In essence, it is the dynamic balance and organize integration of community development and service groups.

As China enters the stage of relative poverty governance, how to understand and solve the poverty of urban low-income families has become the core issue of policy research. Based on the theoretical perspective of multidimensional poverty, this paper takes low-income families in J District of Nanjing as an example to analyze the poverty dimension and service demand of low-income families. It is found that low-income families are faced with severe multidimensional poverty, and there are great differences in family service demand among different groups of low-income families, which are mainly those with children, the elderly, the disabled, patients with serious diseases and equipped with the ability to work but unemployed. Based on this, the paper proposes to establish a multidimensional demand-oriented grouping and hierarchical service system, improve the relief service projects for different groups and levels with the aim of capacity development, and build a relief service community with different groups and levels which takes the government as the leader and social forces as the support.