数字普惠金融能缩小人口受教育程度的性别差异吗

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来，中国高度重视义务教育的普及和高等教育的扩张，女性的受教育水平显著提升，但受教育程度的性别差异依然明显。文章基于2011—2022年中国31个省份的面板数据探讨了数字普惠金融对人口受教育程度性别差异的影响机制和影响效应。从影响效应来看，数字普惠金融能够显著缩小人口受教育程度的性别差异，数字普惠金融使用深度、覆盖广度、数字化程度对缩小教育性别差异的作用依次递减。从影响机制来看，数字普惠金融对女性受教育预期的提升作用更大，缩小了人口受教育程度的性别差异，这种影响在人均收入水平较低的落后地区更为明显，并在2016年《G20数字普惠金融高级原则》提出之后得到强化。从教育阶段来看，数字普惠金融对于缩小人口受教育程度性别差异的影响主要表现在高中和大学阶段，对初中及以下教育阶段的影响不明显。从地区差异而言，数字普惠金融对于缩小人口受教育程度性别差异的作用在人均收入水平较低、人力资本积累较低、公共教育投入较低和城市化水平较低的地区更为明显，促进了教育公平和包容性发展。

关键词: 受教育程度, 教育公平, 性别差异, 数字普惠金融

Abstract: Based on the panel data of 31 provinces and cities in China from 2011 to 2022, this paper explores the impact of digital inclusive finance on gender differences in educational attainment. The results show that digital inclusive finance can significantly narrow the gender difference in educational attainment. However, the depth of usage, breadth of coverage and degree of digitization of digital inclusive finance have decreasing effects on narrowing the gender difference in educational attainment. Digital inclusive finance significantly reduces gender differences in average years of schooling by increasing women’s educational expectations to a greater extent. This effect is more pronounced in underdeveloped regions with lower per capita income levels and has been strengthened since the introduction of G20 High-level Principles on Digital Financial Inclusion. Regarding education stage, digital inclusive finance narrows the gender difference at the high school and college stage, while has no significant influence on levels of middle school and below. In terms of regional differences, the effect of digital inclusive finance on narrowing gender differences in educational attainment is more obvious in regions with lower per capita income, lower human capital accumulation, lower public education expenditure, and lower urbanization levels.

Key words: education level, education equity, gender difference, digital inclusive finance

中图分类号:

李景睿, 李珊珊, 刘嘉瑜. 数字普惠金融能缩小人口受教育程度的性别差异吗[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2024, 24(4): 86-98.

LI Jingrui, LI Shanshan, LIU Jiayu. Can Digital Inclusive Finance Narrow Gender Disparities in Educational Attainment[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2024, 24(4): 86-98.

参考文献

[1] 国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[EB/OL]. [2023-08-10]. https://www.stats.gov.cn/sj/ndsj/.
[2] 北京大学中国社会科学调查中心. 中国家庭追踪调查[EB/OL]. [2023-12-20].http://www.isss.pku.edu.cn/ cfps/sjzx/gksj/index.htm.
[3] OLIVEIRA J. Birth order and the gender gap in educational attainment[J]. Review of economics of the household, 2019, 17(3): 775-803
[4] BECKER G S, LEWIS H G. On the interaction between the quantity and quality of children[J]. Journal of political economy, 1973, 81(2): 279-288
[5] BECKER G S, KOMINERS S D, MURPHY K M, et al. A theory of intergenerational mobility[J]. Journal of political economy, 2018, 126(S1): S7-S25
[6] LIN HH. Number of siblings and educational attainment: application of son preference[J]. Applied economics letters, 2018, 25(2): 83-86
[7] 郭凤, 任孝鹏, 苏红. 不同性别定向的名字对女性获得面试机会的影响[J]. 中国人力资源开发, 2020(5): 46-58
[8] 张瑞娟, 刘金菊, 尹鹏飞. 什么导致了女性职业晋升障碍?一个基于多理论视角的整合模型. 中国人力资源开发[J]. 2022(11): 90-109.
[9] GURGAND M, LORENCEAU A, MÉLONIO T. Student loans: credit constraints and higher education in South Africa[J]. Journal of development economics, 2023, 161(1): 1-67
[10] 郑筱婷, 陆小慧. 有兄弟对女性是好消息吗?——家庭人力资本投资中的性别歧视研究[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2018(1): 277-298
[11] LEE M H. The one-child policy and gender equality in education in China: evidence from household data[J]. Journal of family economic issues, 2012, 33(1): 41-52
[12] G20普惠金融全球合作伙伴. 二十国集团数字普惠金融高级原则[EB/OL]. [2023-09-20]. http://www.pbc. gov.cn/goutongjiaoliu/113456/113469/3142307/2016091419074418496.pdf.
[13] 国务院. 推进普惠金融发展规划(2016—2020)[EB/OL]. (2016-01-15). https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/ zhengceku/2016-01/15/content_10602.htm.
[14] 国务院. 关于推进普惠金融高质量发展的实施意见[EB/OL]. [2023-11-20]. https://www.gov.cn/gongbao/2023/issue_10786/202310/content_6912660.html.
[15] 梁榜, 张建华. 数字普惠金融发展能激励创新吗?——来自中国城市和中小企业的证据[J]. 当代经济科学, 2019(5): 74-86
[16] 万佳彧, 周勤, 肖义. 数字金融、融资约束与企业创新[J]. 经济评论, 2020(1): 71-83
[17] 王振华, 孙闻娅, 白冰. 数字金融要素配置、技术进步偏向与收入分配效应[J]. 现代财经(天津财经大学学报), 2023(10): 3-20
[18] PENG H, ZHAO H, LIU D S, et al. How does digital finance affect regional innovation capacity? a spatial econometric analysis[J]. Economic modelling, 2023, 122(3): 1-15
[19] 杜金岷, 韦施威, 吴文洋. 数字普惠金融促进了产业结构优化吗?[J]. 经济社会体制比较, 2020(6): 38-49
[20] 陈武元, 程章继, 蔡庆丰. 家庭教育期望视角下的教育公平——数字普惠金融对非自致性家庭因素的缓解效应[J]. 教育研究, 2021(10): 122-137
[21] 谢绚丽, 沈艳, 张皓星, 等. 数字金融能促进创业吗?——来自中国的证据[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2018(4): 1557-1580
[22] 冯永琦, 蔡嘉慧. 数字普惠金融能促进创业水平吗?——基于省际数据和产业结构异质性的分析[J]. 当代经济科学, 2021(1): 79-90
[23] 易行健, 周利. 数字普惠金融发展是否显著影响了居民消费——来自中国家庭的微观证据[J]. 金融研究, 2018(11): 47-67
[24] 李建军, 韩珣. 普惠金融、收入分配和贫困减缓——推进效率和公平的政策框架选择[J]. 金融研究, 2019(3): 129-148
[25] 张勋, 万广华, 张佳佳, 等. 数字经济、普惠金融与包容性增长[J]. 经济研究, 2019(8): 71-86
[26] BUCAREY A, CONTRERAS D, MUNOZ P. Labor market returns to student loans for university: evidence from Chile[J]. Journal of labor economics, 2020, 38(4): 959-1007
[27] 张正平, 陈欣. 数字金融提升了农村地区普通高中入学率吗?[J]. 财经问题研究, 2022(6): 101-110
[28] DEMIRGUC-KUNT A, KLAPPER L, SINGER D, et al. The global findex database 2021: financial inclusion, digital payments, and resilience in the age of COVID-19 [R]. Washington, DC: World bank publications, 2022: 1-205.
[29] NYARKO S A. Gender discrimination and lending to women: the moderating effect of an international founder[J]. International business review, 2022, 31(4): 1-16
[30] MUHAMMAD Y. Muhammad Yunus-Nobel lecture [EB/OL]. [2023-09-20]. https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/2006/yunus/lecture/.
[31] 厦门大学数字减贫与共同富裕课题组. 数字减贫与共同富裕系列报告(2021)[EB/OL]. [2023-09-20].http://www.wise.xmu.edu.cn/__local/6/68/CE/B16DB4C78DF24BD62D2E5DCEA0E_B6020DC5_13F28D.pdf?e=.pdf.
[32] MURPHY R, SCOTT-CLAYTON J, WYNESS G. The end of free college in England: Implications for enrolments, equity, and quality[J]. Economics of education review, 2019, 71(8): 7-22
[33] HASSANI-NEZHAD L, ANDERBERG D, CHEVALIER A, et al. Higher education financing and the educational aspirations of teenagers and their parents[J]. Economics of education review, 2021, 85(c): 1-10
[34] 郭峰, 王靖一, 王芳, 等. 测度中国数字普惠金融发展: 指数编制与空间特征[J]. 经济学 (季刊), 2020(4): 1401-1418
[35] BALIAMOUNE–LUTZ M, MCGILLIVRAY M. The impact of gender inequality in education on income in Africa and the Middle East[J]. Economic modelling, 2015, 47(6): 1-11
[36] 齐俊妍, 任奕达. 数字经济渗透对全球价值链分工地位的影响——基于行业异质性的跨国经验研究[J]. 国际贸易问题, 2021(9): 105-121
[37] 周利, 冯大威, 易行健. 数字普惠金融与城乡收入差距: “数字红利”还是“数字鸿沟”[J]. 经济学家, 2020(5): 99-108

Metrics

Viewed

Full text

Abstract

Cited

Shared

Discussed