挑战性—阻碍性压力源对社会工作者离职意愿的影响研究——职场焦虑与未来工作自我清晰度的作用

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 文章基于认知交互理论与资源保存理论，探讨工作压力对社会工作者离职意愿的影响。通过对全国范围内社会工作从业人员收集的1116份有效问卷进行实证分析发现，挑战性压力源和阻碍性压力源均对社会工作者的离职意愿具有显著正向影响。职场焦虑在挑战性压力源与离职意愿之间起部分中介作用，而在阻碍性压力源与离职意愿之间起到完全中介作用。未来工作自我清晰度能够显著调节挑战性压力源与职场焦虑的关系，但对阻碍性压力源与职场焦虑关系的调节作用不显著。组织机构应该实施压力类型化评估与管理，关注社会工作者的职场焦虑以及心理健康，并构建制度化的压力缓解干预体系，同时社会工作者还需要提高自身未来工作自我清晰度，从而缓解其职场焦虑并降低离职意愿。

关键词: 挑战性—阻碍性压力源, 社会工作者, 职场焦虑, 未来工作自我清晰度, 离职意愿

Abstract: Based on cognitive interaction theory and resource conservation theory, this study explores the impact of work stress on the turnover intention of social workers. The empirical analysis of 1116 valid questionnaires distributed to social workers across the nation indicates that both challenging and obstructive stressors exert a significant positive impact on the turnover intention of social workers. Particularly, workplace anxiety serves as a partial mediator between challenging stressors and turnover intention, while it functions as a full mediator between obstructive stressors and turnover intention. Future work self-clarity moderates the relationship between challenging stressors and workplace anxiety, while its moderating effect on the relationship between obstructive stressors and workplace anxiety is not significant. Given these insights, organizations should implement assessment and management strategies tailored to various stress types, pay attention to the workplace anxiety and mental health of social workers, and establish an institutionalized stress relief intervention system. At the same time, social workers also need to improve their future work-self clarity, in order to alleviate their workplace anxiety and reduce their turnover intention.

Key words: challenging-obstructive stressors, social workers, workplace anxiety, future work self-clarity, turnover intention

中图分类号:

C916

李正东, 王津. 挑战性—阻碍性压力源对社会工作者离职意愿的影响研究——职场焦虑与未来工作自我清晰度的作用[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2025, 25(6): 21-31.

LI Zhengdong, WANG Jin. A Study on the Impact of Challenging and Obstructive Stressors on the Turnover Intention of Social Workers: Workplace Anxiety and the Role of Future Job Self-Clarity[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2025, 25(6): 21-31.

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