智能辅助技术赋能养老服务的风险与规制

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 智能辅助技术赋能养老服务的核心目标是实现养老服务的精准化与人性化，其本质是算法权力与人本价值的动态平衡。技术逻辑的演进路径表明，物联网架构与多模态感知系统的协同作用虽能提升服务效能，但也可能因为老龄群体的认知能力衰退导致知情同意机制实质失效、全域监控技术侵犯老年人隐私以及难以判定法律责任主体等新型法律风险。对此，法律规制需构建“技术适配法律”与“法律引导技术”的双向调适机制。在操作层面，建立适老化的分层告知同意框架，通过交互界面简化与算法解释权强化保障决策自主性。在数据治理层面，引入动态化的被遗忘权制度，并创新“机器遗忘”技术标准，以实现数据生命周期的可控性。在法律责任层面，应构建多元法律责任承担体系，建立基于技术流程的“责任链式分配机制”和“风险分担的梯度责任制度”。

关键词: 智能辅助技术, 养老服务, 法律风险, 法律规制, 算法权力

Abstract: The core objective of empowering elderly care services through intelligent assistive technology lies in achieving both precision and humanization of care by reconstructing service delivery via technological mediation. At its essence, this transformation represents a dynamic balance between algorithmic power and human-centered values. The evolutionary trajectory of technological logic indicates that while the integration of Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and multimodal sensing systems can enhance service efficiency, it also gives rise to emerging legal risks—such as the substantive failure of informed consent mechanisms due to cognitive decline in the elderly, the privacy threats posed by pervasive surveillance technologies, and the difficulty in identifying clear legal responsibility among actors. In response, legal regulation must construct a dual-adjustment mechanism of “technology-adapted law” and “law-guided technology”: on the operational level, a layered informed consent framework for aging populations should be established, with simplified interfaces and strengthened algorithmic interpretation rights to safeguard decision autonomy; in the data governance dimension, a dynamic “right to be forgotten” system should be introduced, along with innovative “machine forgetting” technical standards to ensure control over the data lifecycle. In terms of legal responsibility, a multi-layered legal responsibility system should be constructed, with a “responsibility chain allocation mechanism” based on technological processes and a “gradient responsibility system for risk sharing” to allocate liability proportionate to the ability to control risks and the benefits accrued.

Key words: intelligent assistive technology, elderly care services, legal risks, legal regulation, algorithmic power

中图分类号:

C916

张肇廷, 许子烨. 智能辅助技术赋能养老服务的风险与规制[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2025, 25(6): 83-90.

ZHANG Zhaoting, XU Ziye. The Risks and Regulation of Intelligent Assistive Technologies Empowering Elderly Care Services[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2025, 25(6): 83-90.

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