社会工作与管理 ›› 2019, Vol. 19 ›› Issue (5): 38-45.

• 社会工作 • 上一篇    下一篇

市场化与社会工作的“去社会化”——基于美国社会工作的考察

李伟, 杨彩云   

  1. 扬州大学社会工作系, 江苏 扬州, 225002;上海师范大学社会学系, 上海, 200234
  • 收稿日期:2018-12-30 出版日期:2019-09-15 发布日期:2019-09-23
  • 作者简介:李伟(1987-),男,汉族,讲师,博士;主要研究方向:社会工作理论,社会工作史。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金青年项目“城市社区服刑人员的身份均衡及社会工作干预研究”(16CSH066);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“社会工作中个人治疗与社会变革的争议及整合研究”(19YJC840018)。

Marketization and the “De-socialization” of Social Work: Based on the Analysis of American Social Work

LI Wei, YANG Caiyun   

  1. Department of Social Work, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225002, China;Department of Sociology, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
  • Received:2018-12-30 Online:2019-09-15 Published:2019-09-23

摘要: 社会工作的市场化包括准市场和纯市场两种模式,前者是指政府购买服务,后者是指私人实践。在20世纪70年代末以来的新自由主义时代,社会工作的市场化趋势日益严重,它导致专业的实务活动倒向了个人治疗,抛弃了社会变革,即社会工作的“去社会化”。具体而言,在准市场模式中,为了获得买方(政府)的服务合同,卖方(社会组织)必须顺从于政府意志,放弃了政府所反对的社会变革行动的努力;在纯市场情境中,社会工作者在经济利益的驱使下,沉溺于富裕群体所需的心理治疗,主动远离了针对底层群体的社会变革。为了坚守社会工作的“社会”使命,专业界必须对市场化的运作模式进行深刻反思。对于中国社会工作而言,目前宜采取“部分市场化”的发展策略。

关键词: 社会工作, 市场化, 政府购买服务, 私人实践, 去社会化

Abstract: The marketization of social work includes quasi-market and pure-market. The former is government purchase of services, while the latter means private practice. The marketization of social work became increasingly deeper during the neo-liberalism era since the end of 1970s, which resulted in practice activities focused on individual therapy and abandoning social reform, that is the so called the "de-socialization" of social work. Specifically speaking, in quasi-market model, in order to acquire buyer(government)'s service contract, seller(social organization) had to obey the will of government, and gave up the social reform action opposed by government. In pure market situation, driven by economic interest, social workers were addicted to psychotherapy needed by wealthy class, and initiatively stayed away from the social reform that served grass-root class. In order to stick to the "social" mission of social work, professional circle must rethink the market-oriented mode profoundly. In terms of Chinese social work, "partial marketization" is suitable for the current situation.

Key words: social work, marketization, government purchase of services, private practice, de-socialization

中图分类号: 

  • C916
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