Abstract: By analyzing the data of previous population censuses and sampling surveys of 1 percent of the population, it can be found that since the new century, the rural population in Northeast China has decreased rapidly due to the decline in the total fertility rate and population outflow. However, the current fertility policy has deficiencies in top-level design, the effectiveness of policy design and policy implementation, which is difficult to resolve the fertility dilemma of rural areas in Northeast China. Therefore, at the macro level, improvements should be made in the top-level design of rural fertility policy in the Northeast region and the implementation of fertility policy, and more restrictions need to be lifted in specific fertility policies. Besides, build a family-based fertility support policy to reduce the cost of fertility, parenting and education, and expand the social security system. All these efforts are inevitable for the upgradation and innovation of the current fertility policy.

Key words: Northeast China, rural areas, fertility problems of rural population, fertility policy, upgradation and innovation