西方儿童保护社会工作的理论转型与实践重构

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国正处于构建适度普惠儿童福利制度的关键时期。20世纪60年代以来，社会工作在西方儿童保护实践中具有重要作用，且推动着儿童保护实践在保护内容、保护模型和保护政策取向上实现了转向。但是，儿童保护社会工作遭遇实践价值上“专业无能”和实践形式上“行政化”“专业自主性缺乏”的争论。儿童保护实践者提出需要从实践模式、实践机制和实践方法三个层面重构实践，要求儿童保护社会工作回归“儿童”和“社会工作的服务本质”，构建整合服务模式；建立“伙伴模型”或“社区为本儿童保护”的实践机制；综合采用科学性和反思性的评估方法，提升干预方法的文化敏感性和儿童的主体性，注重发挥社区网络和家庭支持的作用。西方儿童保护社会工作的转型和重构对中国适度普惠儿童福利制度的完善和服务体系构建有积极意义。

关键词: 儿童保护, 社会工作, 儿童权利

Abstract:

China is in a critical stage to construct a general children welfare system. Since the 1960s, social work has played an important role in the western children protection practice and has promoted the orientation of the children protection's content and model. However, the children protection social work faces some debates about the value of "professional incompetence" and the practice of "administrativization", "lack of professional autonomy". Children protection practitioners consider that it is necessary to reconstruct the model, mechanism and methods of the social work practice. It requires that children protection social work should return to "children", "the nature of social work" and "building integrated service model", build "community-based children protection" or "partnership model", use the scientific and reflective assessment methods to enhance the cultural sensitivity and children's subjectivity of the intervention, focus on function of the community networks and family support. The transformation and reconstruction of Western children protection social work has a positive effect on the perfection of the general welfare system for children and the construction of service system in China.

Key words: children protection, social work, children's rights

中图分类号:

C916

刘玉兰, 彭华民. 西方儿童保护社会工作的理论转型与实践重构[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2017, 17(3): 5-11.

LIU Yulan, PENG Huamin. The Theoretical Transformation and Practice Reconstruction of Western Children Protection Social Work[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2017, 17(3): 5-11.

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