专业关系与朋友关系：一项社会工作历史视角的知识观考察

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 经历快速发展的10年之后，中国本土社会工作正面临严峻挑战：一方面需要通过专业关系的建立推进专业服务；另一方面在生活场景中又无法摆脱朋友关系的影响，导致“双重关系”成为专业化发展的瓶颈。通过对西方社会工作专业关系的历史回顾和知识观考察发现：西方社会工作的专业关系经历了明确清晰的个案工作专业关系期、含混不清的“双重关系”期以及朋友式的专业关系期3个阶段，同样也面临“双重关系”的挑战；西方社会工作“双重关系”的处理，以明确的专业身份和完善的专业服务系统为前提，以专业关系为主导，依据实证理性的“专家”知识观；中国本土社会工作既缺乏明确的专业身份，也缺乏完善的专业服务系统，需要以朋友关系为主导，采取场景实践的知识观。研究结果将有利于中国本土社会工作者明确自身的专业处境和未来的发展方向。

关键词: 专业关系, 双重关系, 社会工作

Abstract: With a decade of rapid development, there are still arduous challenges in social work of China. On the one hand, it is indispensable to promote professional services through the establishment of professional relationship. On the other hand, "dual relationship" gradually becomes the bottleneck of professional development in social work because it is impossible to get rid of friend-like relationship in the practice context. This paper, based on the historical review and investigation of the concept of professional relationship in western social work, found that:first, there are three phases in the development of professional relationship in western social work, including the clear professional relationship period of casework, the ambiguous dual relationship period and the friend-like professional relationship period. Meanwhile, they are facing the challenge of dual relationship; second, with clear professional identity and sound developed professional service system, the handle of "dual relationship" in the west is guided by professional relationship and based on the "expert" knowledge view of positivism and rationalism. Third, lacking clear professional identity and sound developed professional service system, Chinese local social work requires a friend-oriented professional relationship and the knowledge view of context practice. The findings of this research would help Chinese local social workers to identify themselves on their professional situation and clear direction for future development.

Key words: professional relationship, dual relationship, social work

中图分类号:

C916

童敏, 辛峻青, 骆成俊. 专业关系与朋友关系：一项社会工作历史视角的知识观考察[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2019, 19(5): 12-19.

TONG Min, XIN Junqing, LUO Chengjun. Professional Relationship or Friendship: A Research of Knowledge View from the Historical Perspective of Social Work[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2019, 19(5): 12-19.

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