福利国家和福利社会

社会工作与管理 ›› 2021, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (6): 85-92.

• 社会政策 • 上一篇

福利国家和福利社会

蒂特马斯, 柯洋华¹, 马小婷², 刘继同³

英国伦敦政治经济学院，英国伦敦; 1. 国务院发展研究中心社会发展研究部，北京，100010; 2. 兰州大学第一医院医务处，甘肃兰州，730000;
3. 北京大学公共卫生学院，北京，100191

收稿日期:2021-01-12 出版日期:2021-11-15 发布日期:2021-12-14
通讯作者: 刘继同(1961—)，男，汉族，教授，博士；主要研究方向：中国社会福利制度与社会福利理论，社会政策与卫生政策，福利与卫生财政，医务社会工作，儿童福利与妇幼卫生服务政策。E-mail：frankliu2790@sina.com。 E-mail:frankliu2790@sina.com
作者简介:蒂特马斯(Richard M.Titmuss)(1907—1973)，男，原英国伦敦政治经济学院社会政策系主任，社会政策奠基人和社会福利哲学创始人;柯洋华(1987—)，女，汉族，助理研究员，博士；主要研究方向：社会福利与社会政策，社会工作理论与实务;马小婷(1996—)，女，汉族，硕士；主要研究方向：卫生政策，卫生财政学与社会医疗保险政策。
基金资助:
财政部与国家卫生健康委员会委托课题“我国卫生财政投入政策演进历程及其评价研究”；国家社会科学基金一般项目“中国特色现代儿童福利与家庭福利制度研究”(19BSH159)。

Welfare State and Welfare Society

Richard M.Titmuss, KE Yanghua¹, MA Xiaoting², LIU Jitong³

The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK; 1. Social Development Research Department，Development Research Center of the State Council, Beijing, 100010, China; 2. Medical Affairs Office,The 1^st Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000;
3. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China

Received:2021-01-12 Online:2021-11-15 Published:2021-12-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 该文^①是英国和世界社会政策创始人与现代福利理论奠基人蒂特马斯的经典文献之一。如何建设福利国家与福利社会是当代世界各国政府共同面临的最大社会政策议题。蒂特马斯针对英美社会福利私营化与市场化的现实状况，尤其是将社会福利误解为“公共负担”的错误认知，从国际福利视角，运用医生、教师和社会工作者等案例，首次界定福利国家与福利社会概念，从普惠性与选择性社会服务原则出发，采用公民应得社会权利的分析框架，提出“共同体责任”概念。他以英国社会福利历史经验教训为证据，从现代社会福利哲学与福利政治学高度，深入分析、批判以资产审查为代表的选择性社会服务原则，首次明确指出20世纪60年代英国和欧洲福利制度面临的真正挑战是：如何在坚持普惠性主义社会服务原则下，提供积极性区分和差别化服务。作者认为，假如没有这种福利资源和价值观框架的基础结构设施体系，就无法确定“福利社会”这一概念，也不能讨论如何朝着一种“福利社会”前进。

关键词: 蒂特马斯福利哲学, 福利国家, 福利社会, 普惠性与选择性社会服务, 美好生活

Abstract: This paper is one of the classic literature of Titmuss, the founder of social policy in Britain and the world and the founder of morden social welfare theory. How to construct a welfare state and welfare society is the biggest political issue faced by governments all over the world. Against the reality of American and British social welfare privatization and marketization, especially the social welfare misinterpreted as “public burden”, Titmuss, from the international welfare perspective, used the cases such as doctors, teachers and social workers for the first time to define the welfare state and welfare social concept, and proposed the concept of “community responsibility” from the principle of universal and selective social services based on the analytical framework of citizens' due social rights. From the perspective of modern social welfare philosophy and welfare politics, he deeply analyzed and criticized the principle of selective social service represented by asset review with the historical experience and lessons of British social welfare as evidence. He pointed out for the first time that the real challenges faced by the British and European welfare systems in the 1960s were as follows: How to provide positive differentiated and differentiated services under the principle of universal social service? The author argues that if there is no such infrastructure of welfare resources and values framework, the concept of “welfare society” cannot be defined and how to move towards a “welfare society” cannot be discussed.

Key words: Titmuss’s philosophy of welfare, welfare state, welfare society, universal and selective social services, good life

中图分类号:

C916

蒂特马斯, 柯洋华, 马小婷, 刘继同. 福利国家和福利社会[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2021, 21(6): 85-92.

Richard M.Titmuss, KE Yanghua, MA Xiaoting, LIU Jitong. Welfare State and Welfare Society[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2021, 21(6): 85-92.

参考文献

[1] POWELL J ENOCH. Medicine and politics[M]. London: Pittman, 1966: 72.
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[3] HENDERSON G. Institute for training and research[N]. New York times, 1966-12-01(11).
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[7] GIBSON T C. British physicians on medical school faculties in North America[J]. British medical journal, 1967(I): 692
[8] HILL K R. Cost of undergraduate medical education in Britain[J]. British medical journal, 1964(I): 300-302
[9] GILBERT B B. National insurance reform: the origin of the welfare state[M]. London: Michael Joseph, 1966.
[10] RS Glover. The torrey canyon[M]. London: HMSO, 1967.
[11] BOULDING K E. The boundaries of social policy[J]. Social work, 1967, 12(1): 7
[12] REDDIN M. Local authority means tested benefits[M]//P TOWNSEND. Social services for all? London: Fabian Society, 1968.
[13] TOWNSEND P. The last refuge[M]. London: Routledge, 1964.
[14] TITMUSS R M. Problems of social policy[M]. London: HMSO, 1950.
[15] TOWNSEND P. Poverty, socialism and labour in power[M]London: Fabian Tract, 1967: 371.
[16] NICHOLSON R J. The distribution of personal income[M]. London: Lloyds Bank Review, 1967: 11.
[17] TITMUSS R M. Commitment to welfare[M]. London: Allen & Unwin, 1968.

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福利国家和福利社会

Welfare State and Welfare Society

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