社会工作与管理 ›› 2022, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 5-12.

• 社会工作 •    下一篇

从英雄主义到平民关怀:社会工作伦理的反思与重构

童敏, 吴宝红   

  1. 厦门大学社会与人类学院,福建 厦门,361000
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-06 出版日期:2022-07-15 发布日期:2022-07-15
  • 作者简介:童敏 (1965— ),男,汉族,教授,博士;主要研究方向:社会工作专业化与本土化,精神健康社会工作,健康照顾社会工作以及社会工作与中国文化研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家社会科学基金一般项目“新时代的场景实践与中国社会工作本土化理论体系建设”(18BSH151)。

From Heroism to Civilian Care: Reflection and Reconstruction of Social Work Ethics

TONG Min, WU Baohong   

  1. School of Sociology and Anthropology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361000, China
  • Received:2022-03-06 Online:2022-07-15 Published:2022-07-15

摘要: 伦理价值一直被视为社会工作这门学科的核心,尤其是在场景化的专业化发展道路和全球化背景的影响下,中国本土社会工作急需发展扎根在地的伦理价值知识。为此,有必要从专业服务角度出发,考察社会工作伦理与专业服务的内在关系。通过回顾西方社会工作伦理的发展历史发现,西方社会工作伦理在经历了普世化的精英主义伦理和英雄主义伦理之后,受后现代建构主义逻辑的启发,开始关注场景化的专业实践,出现注重日常生活安排的生活关怀以及差异化和多元化生活的平民关怀。然而,这样的西方伦理却难以协调无限理性要求下的无条件关怀与人们有限耐心和智慧的矛盾,需要中国本土社会工作汲取中国文化的有限理性假设,促使平民关怀与场景化专业实践的深度结合,让中国本土社会工作的专业化发展不仅拥有现实生活基础,而且拥有文化伦理价值的反思能力。

关键词: 社会工作伦理, 场景化专业实践, 有限理性, 英雄主义, 平民关怀

Abstract: Ethical value has been regarded as the core of social work, especially for the professional practice in context and globalization, social work in China needs a solid knowledge of ethical values urgently. Therefore, it is necessary to figure out internal relations between social work ethics and professional services. Through the development of western social work ethics, it is found that after the universal ethics of elitism and heroism, inspired by the post-modern constructivism, its social work ethics began to take professional context practice into account, contributing to life care focusing on the daily arrangement as well as civilian care emphasizing difference and diversity. However, such ethics is difficult to coordinate the relations between unconditional care under the infinite rationality and people’s limited patience and wisdom. It requires local social work to absorb the limited rationality hypothesis of Chinese culture and promote the in-depth combination of civilian care and context practice, enabling the professional development of Chinese social work to be connected with people’s real life and to show its reflection on cultural ethical values.

Key words: social work ethics, professional practice in context, limited rationality, heroism, civilian care

中图分类号: 

  • C916
[1] HARRIET M BARTLETT. Working definition of social work practice[J]. Social work, 1958, 3(6): 5-8
[2] 王思斌. 社会工作新定义的时代特征[J]. 中国社会工作, 2014(25): 59
[3] 徐健, 姜微, 张红, 等. 2018年度中国社会工作发展报告发布[EB/OL]. [2022-01-26]. http://www.gongyishibao.com/html/yaowen/16252.html.
[4] 文军, 吕洁琼. 专业化: 社会工作理论与实践的新趋向[J]. 河北学刊, 2018(4): 156-163,174
[5] 赵芳. 社会工作伦理教育: 现状与反思[J]. 社会工作, 2012(6): 20-23
[6] ROSSITER A, PRILLELTENSKY I. A postmodern perspective on professional ethics[M]//BARABARA FAWCETT, BRID FEATHERSTONE, JAN FOOK, et al. Practice and research in social work: postmodern feminist perspectives, London: Routledge, 1999: 83-103.
[7] CARMEL FLASKAS. Reclaiming the idea of truth: some thoughts on theory in response to Practice[J]. Journal of family therapy, 1997, 19(1): 1-20
[8] PETER LEONARD. Postmodern welfare reconstructing an emancipatory project[M]. London : Sage Publications, 1997: 187.
[9] GRAHAM MCBEATH. Virtue ethics and social work: being lucky, realistic, and not doing ones duty[J]. British journal of social work, 2022, 32(8): 1015-1036
[10] 童敏. 中国本土社会工作发展的专业困境及其解决路径——一项历史和社会结构的考察[J]. 社会科学辑刊, 2016(4): 42-47
[11] HARRY SPECHT. New directions for social work practice[M]. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, Inc. , 1988.
[12] 陈涛. 社会工作专业使命的探讨[J]. 社会学研究, 2011(6): 211-237, 246
[13] HARRY SPECHT, MARK COURTNEY. Unfaithful angels: how social work has abandoned its mission[M]. New York: The Free Press, 1994.
[14] DAVID HOWE. A brief introduction to social work theory[M]. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009: 12, 18, 15.
[15] DUBOIS BRENDA, MILEY KARLA. Social work: an empowering profession[M]. 4th ed. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 2002: 33.
[16] DONNA FRANKLIN, MARY RICHMOND, JANE ADDAMS. From moral certainty to rational inquiry in social work practice[J]. Social service review, 1986, 60(4): 508
[17] ABRAHAM FLEXNER. Is social work a profession[M]//Proceedings of the national conference of charities and correction at forty-second annual session. Chicago: Hidmann, 1915: 576-590.
[18] MARY RICHMOND. What is social casework?[M]. New York: Russell Sage, 1992: 98-99, 114, 117-118.
[19] RICHARD HUGMAN. Professional values and ethics in social work: reconsidering postmodernism[J]. British journal of social work, 2003, 33(8): 1025-1041
[20] JEROME ZIMMERMAN. Determinism, science, and social work[J]. Social service review, 1989, 63(1): 52-62
[21] JAN FOOK. Social work: critical theory and practice[M]. London: Sage, 2002: 104-114.
[22] HICK S, POZZUTO R. Introduction: towards “becoming” a critical social worker[M]//STEVE HICK, JAN FOOK, R POZZUTO. Social work: a critical turn. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. , 2005: ix-xviii.
[23] MALCOLM PAYNE. Modern social work theory[M]. 3rd ed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.
[24] IFE J, HEALY K, POZZUTO R. Current understandings of critical social work[M]// STEVE HICK, JAN FOOK, POZZUTO R. Social work: a critical turn. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. , 2005: 5-6.
[25] KAREN HEALY. Social work practice: contemporary perspectives on change[M]. London: Sage, 2000.
[26] JURGEN HABERMAS, Knowledge and human interests[M]. Boston: Beacon Press, 1972: 316.
[27] POZZUTO R,BRENT G ANGELL. Therapeutic critique: traditional versus critical perspective[M]//STEVE HICK, JAN FOOK, POZZUTO R. Social work: a critical turn. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. , 2005: 30.
[28] LENA DOMINELLI, Anti-oppressive social work theory and practice[M]. Palgrave Macmillan, 2002: 9-12.
[29] DEREK CLIFFORD, BURKE BEVERLEY, Anti-oppressive ethics and values in social work[M]. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009: 137, 144.
[30] LAN BUTLER. A code of ethics for social work and social care research[J]. British journal of social work, 2002, 32(2): 239-248
[31] HUSBAND C. The Morally active practitioner and the ethics of anti-racist social work[M]//HUGMAN R, SMITH D. Ethical issues in social work. London: Routledge, 1995: 84-103.
[32] SARAH BANKS. Everyday ethics in professional life: social work as ethics work[J]. Ethics and social welfare, 2016, 10(1): 35-52
[33] ZYGMUNT BAUMAN. Postmodern ethics[M]. Oxford: Blackwell, 1993: 14.
[34] NIGEL PARTON. Advanced liberalism, postmodernity and social work: some emgerging social configurations[J]. Social thought, 1998, 18(3): 71-88
[35] NIGEL PARTON, PATRICK O’BYRNE. Constructive social work: towards a new practice [M]. Bashingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2000.
[36] BLUNDO R, GREENE R R. Social Construction[M]//ROBERT R GREENE. Human behavior theory and social work practice. 3rd ed. New Jersey: Transaction Publisher, 2008.
[37] KENNETH J GERGEN. The Social constructionist movement in modern psychology[J]. American psychology, 1985, 40(2): 266-275
[38] KAREN HEALY, JOAN MULHOLLAND. Discourse analysis and activist social work: investigating practice processes[J]. Journal of sociology and social welfare, 1998, 25(3): 3-27
[39] KENNETH J GERGEN. An invitation to social construction[M]. London: Sage Publications, 1999.
[40] M YEE LEE. Solution-focused theory[M]//FRANCIS J TURNER. Social work treatment: interlocking theoretical approaches. 5th ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.
[41] MICHAEL WHITE, DAVID EPSTON. Narrative means to therapeutic Ends[M]. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1990: 19.
[42] CAROLYN TAYLOR, SUSAN WHITE. Practicing reflexivity in health and welfare: making knowledge[M]. Buckingham: Open University Press, 2000: 37-59.
[43] COLIN PEILE, MAL MCCOUAT. The rise of relativism: the future of theory and knowledge development in social work[J]. British journal of social work, 1997, 27(3): 343-360
[44] MALCOLM PAYNE, GURID AGA ASKELAND. 全球化与国家社会工作: 后现代的变迁与挑战[M]. 李明政, 译. 台北: 台北松慧出版社, 2012: 309-320.
[45] FRASER N, NICHOLSON L J. Social criticism without philosophy: an encounter between feminism and postmodernism[M]//LINDA J NICHOLSON. Feminism / postmodernism. New York: Routledge, 1990: 19-38.
[46] SUSAN HEKMAN. Reconstituting the subject: feminism, modernism, and postmodernism[J]. Hypatia, 1991, 6(2): 44-63
[47] HILARY BARKER. Recapturing sisterhood: a critical look at “Process” in feminist organization and community action[J]. Critical social policy, 1986, 16(3): 80-90
[48] ORME J. Feminist social work[M]//MEL GRAY, STEPHEN A WEBB. Social work theories and methods. London: Sage, 2009.
[49] BARBARE MARSHALL. Engendering modernity: feminism, social theory and social change[M]. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1994: 108-109.
[50] LIZ LLOYD. The post and the anti-analyzing change and changing analyses in social work[J]. British journal of social work, 1998, 28(7): 709-727
[51] JOAN TRONTO. Moral boundaries: a political argument for an ethic of care[M]. New York: Routledge, 1993: 1-61.
[52] LENA DOMINELL, ANKIE HOOGVELT. Globalization and the technocratisation of social work[J]. Critical social policy, 1996, 16(2): 45-62
[53] MERLINDA WEINBERG, CAROLYN CAMPBELL. From codes to contextual collaborations: shifting the thinking about ethics in social work[J]. Journal of progressive human services, 2014, 25(1): 37-49
[54] DEREK CLIFFORD. Limitations of virtue ethics in the social professions[J]. Ethics and social welfare, 2014, 8(1): 2-19
[55] JOAN ORME. Social work: gender, care and justice[J]. British journal of social work, 2002, 32(6): 799-814
[56] LENA DOMINELLI. Feminist social work theory and practice[M]. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002: 162-163.
[57] WILLIAMS F. Postmodernism, feminism and the question of difference[M]//N PARTON. Social theory, social change and social work. London: Routledge, 1996: 72.
[58] TRINDER L. Reading the texts: postmodern feminism and the “doing” of Research[M]//BARABARA FAWCETT, BRID FEATHERSTONE, JAN FOOK, et al. Practice and research in social work. London: Routledge, 2000: 59.
[59] JOAN ORME. “It’s feminist because I say so! ”: feminism, social work and critical practice in UK[J]. Qualitative social work, 2003, 2(2): 131-153
[60] HICK S. Reconceptualizing critical social work[M]// STEVE HICK, JAN FOOK, POZZUTO R. Social work: a critical turn. Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. , 2005: 41.
[61] 陈来. 梁漱溟选集[M]. 长春: 吉林人民出版社, 2005: 22.
[62] 翟学伟. 儒家式的自我及其实践: 本土心理学的研究[J]. 南开学报(哲学社会科学版), 2018(5): 124-134
[63] 杜维明, 雷洪德, 张珉. 超越启蒙心态[J]. 国外社会科学, 2001(2): 14-21
[64] 刘忠国, 王尧美. 玄佛静观思想与晋宋山水诗的兴起[J]. 文史哲, 1992(1): 77-83
[65] 何雪松, 童敏, 郭伟和, 等. “社会工作理论: 哲理反思与文化自觉”笔谈[J]. 华东理工大学学报(社会科学版), 2017(6): 1-27,36
[66] 童敏, 许嘉祥. 如实感知中的心灵解放: 增能策略的东方视角[J]. 浙江工商大学学报, 2018(5): 105-114
[1] 刘艳霞, 张瑞凯, 张明月. 社会工作本土化进程中专业伦理的实践困境与行为抉择——以北京市五家社会工作机构实践为例[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2018, 18(6): 13-18.
[2] 吴金凤, 刘忠权. 社会工作伦理研究热点趋势分析——基于共词分析法[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2018, 18(1): 24-30.
[3] 汪鸿波. 功利主义折射出的中国社会工作伦理本土化[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2014, 14(2): 26-31.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!