政策工具视域下中国家庭政策的内容研究——基于1987—2021年152份中央政策文本的分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科学评估中国家庭政策的实施特征与作用效果对提高政策适用性具有至关重要的作用。采用内容分析法，通过构建“政策工具—政策目标—治理主体”三维框架，分析中国政府1987—2021年颁布的中央层面的家庭政策文本，探讨中国家庭政策工具的类型特征、演进轨迹、价值倾向和内在不足。研究发现：在政策工具维度，家庭政策存在权威工具和能力建设工具偏多、激励工具和劝导工具使用不均衡、系统变革工具短缺等特征；在政策目标维度，家庭政策偏重于儿童发展、工作家庭平衡与特殊家庭援助，缺乏对养老照护与住房保障的关注，并存在切分普通家庭与特殊家庭的现象；在治理主体维度，家庭政策以政府为主导，缺乏社会层面的参与，针对社会组织的政策工具耦合性较低。据此，应提高家庭政策工具应用的精准性，优化组合效果；以多元共治为导向，提升家庭政策工具与治理主体耦合度；合理规划政策目标，实现家庭福利增长。

关键词: 家庭政策, 政策工具, 文本分析

Abstract: The scientific assessment of the implementation characteristics and effectiveness of family policies in China is essential to improving their applicability. Using content analysis, we constructed a three-dimensional framework of “policy instruments-policy objectives-governance subjects” to analyze the family policy texts issued by the central government from 1987 to 2021. We explored the typological characteristics, evolutionary trajectories, value tendencies, and inherent shortcomings of family policy instruments in China. The findings are as follows: Firstly, in terms of policy instruments, family policies in China exhibit characteristics such as a predominance of authoritative tools and capacity-building tools, uneven use of motivational and persuasive tools, and a shortage of systemic change tools. Secondly, in terms of policy objectives, family policies focus mainly on child development, work-family balance, and assistance for special families. There was a lack of attention to elderly care and housing security, and there is a phenomenon of distinguishing between ordinary and special families. Thirdly, in terms of governance subjects, family policies are primarily government-led, neglecting social participation. The coupling of policy instruments with social organizations is relatively low. Therefore, it is suggested that, firstly, the precision of family policy tools should be improved, and the combined effect should be optimized. Secondly, the coupling between family policy instruments and governance subjects should be improved with the guidance of multi-faceted shared governance. Finally, the policy objectives should be reasonably planned to achieve family welfare growth.

Key words: family policy, policy instruments, textual analysis

中图分类号:

C916

张国芳, 阮莉怡. 政策工具视域下中国家庭政策的内容研究——基于1987—2021年152份中央政策文本的分析[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2023, 23(5): 88-100.

ZHANG Guofang, RUAN Liyi. A Study on the Content of Chinese Family Policy from the Perspective of Policy Instruments: An Analysis Based on 152 Central Policy Texts from 1987-2021[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2023, 23(5): 88-100.

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