丧亲儿童干预研究——基于Scoping Review的文献分析与评述

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 丧亲对于儿童是重大的创伤性事件，丧亲后的儿童将面临艰巨的适应性任务。那些丧亲后有适应困难的儿童，以及所有失去父母的儿童都会从某些有时间限制的干预措施中获益。本研究采用阿克西(Arksey)和奥马利(O’Malley)提出的Scoping Review文献范围综述方法和研究步骤，对国内3个中文电子数据库和国外5个英文电子数据库进行检索。经标准筛选提取后发现，国内丧亲儿童干预服务稀少，主要以个案和小组式干预为主，尚未形成和建立共享联动的服务机制，研究多采用个案研究法，缺乏科学、严谨的评估设计和工具，也没有长期追踪回访性研究；国外丧亲儿童干预经验丰富，以小组、营地和家庭预防式干预为主，服务时跨专业多团队合作，研究科学、规范，已经成为一个专业和审慎的干预领域。因此，未来国内丧亲儿童干预服务可以在现有干预经验基础上，将其纳入儿童福利服务体系，结合本土文化特性和社会工作的专业优势，促进有效服务机制的形成，预防性与治疗性干预策略相结合，循证为本，服务和帮助更多有需要的儿童。

关键词: 丧亲儿童, 干预服务, Scoping Review

Abstract: Bereavement is a major traumatic event for children, and bereaved children will face arduous adaptation tasks. Studies have shown that not only children who have difficulty adapting after bereavement, but all children who have lost their parents will benefit from some time-limited interventions. This study adopted the Scoping Review proposed by Arksey and O’Malley and searched 3 domestic electronic databases and 5 foreign English electronic databases. Some problems are discovered after standard screening and extraction: intervention services for bereaved children, few as they are, mainly focus on individual cases and group interventions, failing to establish a sharing and inter-linked service mechanism. Most of relative studies rely on individual cases, which lack design and tools for scientific and rigorous evaluation and long-term return visits. On the other hand, overseas studies on intervention services have developed into a scientific system, which is characterized by multiple types of intervention, interdisciplinary groupwork and scientific paradigm. In conclusion, it is suggested that under the current domestic conditions intervention services for bereaved children should be incorporated into the child welfare service system. Besides, an effective mechanism should be established utilizing the characteristics of local culture and the advantages of professional social work and combining preventive and therapeutic intervention strategies to render service and help tomore bereaved children.

Key words: bereaved children, intervention services, Scoping Review

中图分类号:

C916

赵芳, 朱宁. 丧亲儿童干预研究——基于Scoping Review的文献分析与评述[J]. 社会工作与管理, 2021, 21(2): 15-23.

ZHAO Fang, ZHU Ning. Intervention Study on Bereaved Children: Literature Analysis and Review Based on Scoping Review[J]. SOCIAL WORK AND MANAGEMENT, 2021, 21(2): 15-23.

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