Against the background of modernization, social involvement has three connotations: a stronger motivation for involvement as the precondition, a broader range of subjects involved as the basis, and a more comprehensive network of involvement as the guarantee. The construction of institutional environment for social involvement ought to be enhanced from the aspects of policy environment, operation environment and social environment. The pivotal role of civil affairs administration in social construction can be performed more effectively if it depends on the “three endeavors” to broaden the range of involvement, on the “two platforms” to promote the degree of social involvement, and on the “two armies” to strengthen the ability of social involvement. In the process of enlarging social involvement, major attention should be paid to the handling of the relationship between social involvement and social autonomy, between social involvement and social mutual help, and between social involvement and social mobilization.

 The event in Lankao, Henan Province, has aroused great concern and a variety of opinions regarding the issue of orphans and street children. In the process of building an allround welloff society, it is an extremely important task that confronts us as well as a strong wish of the people to construct a sound social welfare system. The construction of the welfare system for children who are the most vulnerable in the society is an important task in social construction that we cannot afford to ignore. This article describes the historical changes and development of the welfare services for vulnerable children and on this basis explores the development of the welfare system for Chinese vulnerable children in the future. It is not only an important component of the development strategy of Chinas social welfare system but also a response to the public concern, in addition to an important procedure in implementing the “peopleoriented” rule concept of the CPCs leadership.

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the typical patterns of rescuing street children in China and abroad and gives an account of the major problems in the countrys system for street children rescue. It is proposed that the involvement of social work in street children rescue, with its “peopleoriented” value and professional methods of helping people, can contribute to the prevention of streetchildren problems on the macro, medium and microaspects and the discovery of a shortcut to building a system for street children rescue that combines society, government, schools and families and tackles with both the cause and the effect of the problem.

Many difficulties confront the rescue and protection of street children under the agencybased mode at present. The fundamental reason is that the mode cannot eliminate, but strengthen, the social rejection of street children. To solve the problem, this paper suggests establishing a communitybased system of rescuing and protecting street children. The new system is characteristically based on and integrated into the community, stressing multiagent participation and cooperation, with development and protection equally emphasized and development taken as the orientation.

Children with leukemia have the universal characteristics of common children, but due to the disease, they also have many special features in body, mind and behavior. Using the general method of childrens social work and combining problems and needs of leukemiaaffected children, the author proposes direct and indirect social work intervention strategies, which make use of the case work and group work, consolidate the social support network, and promote the improvement of relevant policies and laws, to effect comprehensive intervention into the allround development of leukemiaaffected children.

 Foreign countries have relatively mature children welfare systems, which, despite their similarities, differ in terms of value and institution. This paper reviews foreign modes of children welfare and experiences of rescuing parentless and homeless children and points out that the important factors in establishing an effective mechanism for rescuing parentless and homeless children include choice of an appropriate approach to children welfare, making of a sound system of laws, governments funding, excellent project design and proceedings, professional work force, involvement of social organizations, etc. The purpose of the paper is to provide reference for the construction and improvement of Chinas system for rescuing parentless and homeless children.

 Against the background of social transformation in China, the construction of community service system in northwestern cities has its own special problems such as a single source of fund raising, excessive dependence on enterprises, lack of professionals and an overall low level. For a better and faster development of community service system in northwestern cities, we should draw lessons from community service practice at home and abroad and accumulate both the positive and the negative experiences in the field to carry out continuous exploration and innovation. Threeparty coordination, civic participation and the union of welfare and business are that three principles that the development of community service system in northwestern cities should hold on to.

Abstract: Zhanjiang City has introduced commercial health insurance into basic medical insurance fund as the third party management in Guangdong Province, which is an attempt to apply publicprivate partnerships (PPPs) in the medical field. The practice reflects the principles of contractual governance, government guidance and risk allocation. However, it also faces enormous liability risks and risks caused by soft policy restriction and project operation. To push universal health care with PPPs in future, greater efforts should be made to establish a risksharing mechanism, perfect the supervision mechanism in the entrusted agency, and foster a competitive market.

With accelerated social transformation and disintegration of workunit system, traditional policing has become unable to meet the needs of the development in current social management. Thus, enhancing community policing has become a necessity to the innovation of social management. As a pioneer in carrying out the strategy of community policing in China, Shangcheng District in Hangzhou has achieved a series of innovations in community policing in recent years. Community policing has achieved socialization, informationization, meshing and specialization, which has implications for current management of community policing.

Kant establishes the most spectacular human metaphysical ideal in the history of philosophy. The ideal is a kingdom of moral ideal as well as that of the reason and the purpose. In this kingdom, the reason makes a law for itself, which is the moral law for all the rational people to follow. Only in the kingdom where the moral law is abided by can there be real freedom, which is to found only in a world of practice but not in the natural world. Kants metaphysical ideal sets up an infinitely remote kingdom of ideal for all human beings, and the pursuit of this ideal highlights the noble nature of mankind and distinguishes human beings from the nature and the animal world.
Key words: the rational; ideal; freedomActs and Motivations: An Empirical and Criminal Approach
to Social Resistance and Social ContentionZHONG Yunhua
(Department of Police Administration, Sichuan Police College, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646000, P. R. China)Abstract: Criminal social resistance refers to an individuals resistance and refusal of the social system by means of crime and a nonrealistic conflict evolved from the struggle for interests. Criminal social resistance develops through four basic acts: significant conflict over interests, strugglers expression about interests, continuous suppression by the strong party, and release of hostility. The basic motivations for the serial acts are four elements: suppression, legitimacy, sense of being deprived, and possibility of recovering what is deprived, which interact with one another and shape the strugglers marginalized personality that is to be externalized as an ethic behavior to gain recognition and dignity at all costs.

 Criminal social resistance refers to an individuals resistance and refusal of the social system by means of crime and a nonrealistic conflict evolved from the struggle for interests. Criminal social resistance develops through four basic acts: significant conflict over interests, strugglers expression about interests, continuous suppression by the strong party, and release of hostility. The basic motivations for the serial acts are four elements: suppression, legitimacy, sense of being deprived, and possibility of recovering what is deprived, which interact with one another and shape the strugglers marginalized personality that is to be externalized as an ethic behavior to gain recognition and dignity at all costs.
motivation

Abstract: This paper begins with an analysis of Strategic Niche Management (SNM) and the connotations of SNM process and summarizes the research on the process of SNM. There are two major views on SNM process: one being the “fivestep theory” which includes technology choice, experiment choice, establishment and implementation of experiment, expansion of experiment, and evacuation of protective policy; the other being “threestep theory” which are made up of establishment of expectation, establishment of social network, and learning process. This paper, on the basis of case studies, sorts out five factors in SNM: technological features, management of network, framework of policy, cultural mentality, and needs of customers.